Are bonobos great apes. These two great apes are our closest living relatives.

Are bonobos great apes Bonobos are great apes found only in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Therefore, the direct answer is: Humans are most like chimpanzees and bonobos. It’s most apparent in bonobos, which are a close cousin to chimpanzees. Bonobos, like other great apes, have opposable thumbs and an opposable big toe. There are four types of great apes: gorillas (Africa), bonobos (Africa), orangutans (SE Asia), and chimpanzees (Africa). Chimpanzees are found in tropical Africa, where they inhabit forests and savannahs. There are two types of lesser apes: gibbons (SE Asia) and siamangs (SE Asia). The hominoids consist of the various species of gibbons (or "lesser apes"), as well as gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans, and humans (collectively referred to as the "great apes"). However, apes and humans are not directly related. The great apes also have human-like features and are more intelligent. Read more → Biological anthropologists use genetic data to understand the evolutionary relationships that humans share with great apes and to examine how our genetic history differs from theirs. com Mar 25, 2025 · The number of bonobos in the wild is shrinking because of human destruction of forests and illegal hunting of bonobos for meat. And as Furuichi and his colleagues showed, the disappearance of such species does not require the wholesale destruction of Jun 29, 2023 · Apes are divided into two basic classes: Great Apes and Lesser Apes. Great apes, including gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, and bonobos, are our closest living relatives in the animal kingdom. Bonobo vs. Zoologist Cintia Garai, who started tracking and observing bonobos in remote regions of the Congo basin more than 14 years ago, says she has never seen any bonobo attempt to swim. Adult males average less than 100 lb (45 kg) and adult females are usually about 20% smaller. Apes are not monkeys; Adult bonobos sometimes share a nest, which is a unique behavior among the great apes. , What is different about the Fongoli Chimpanzees?, Jane Goodall observed and documented chimpanzee and more. Fusion-fission Bonobos and chimpanzees follow the fusion-fission social pattern. » WWF African Great Apes Programme » More on work in the Congo Basin Mar 28, 2025 · Hominidae, in zoology, one of the two living families of the ape superfamily Hominoidea, the other being the Hylobatidae (gibbons). The bonobo (Pan paniscus) is an endangered species of great ape found in a 500,000 km 2 (190,000 sq mi) area of the Congo Basin in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central Africa. Specific signals made with their hands or other body parts mean very specific things. However, apes do have a powerful way to communicate with each other – they use gestures. Bonobos and chimpanzees look similar and both share 98. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Identify the four different living Great Apes. What intrigues scientists is that bonobos and chimps often behave very differently Oct 20, 2011 · One bonobo and chimpanzee are legends in the field of cognition, In 2000, New Zealand became the first nation to pass legislation officially prohibiting research on great apes, with The Locals depend on the wildlife for protein — even if it’s meat from endangered species. The research team conducted their extensive observational study in two African sanctuaries for great apes, the Lola ya Bonobo Sanctuary in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Chimfunshi Great Apes Menu Toggle. GREAT APES FACTS ABOUT GREAT APES • Great apes are comprised of four general species: gorillas, orang-utans, chimpanzees, and bonobos. The Hominoidea encompasses a variety of species called “lesser apes” and “great apes. Orangutans live in Ind The smallest of the great apes is the Bonobo (Pan paniscus), sometimes referred to as the pygmy chimpanzee. Feb 5, 2025 · Some great apes realize when a human partner doesn’t know something and are capable of communicating information to them to change their behavior, a new study shows. Bonobos, the gentlest great apes, are humans' closest relatives. The great apes are much more intelligent than monkeys and gibbons. They live only in the Congo and are an endangered species mainly due to wildlife trafficking and the illegal pet trade. Their limited geographic range makes them the only great ape species confined to a single country. The Bonobo Trust is a nonprofit initiative connecting global audiences to front line science, conservation, and protection of the world’s least-known great ape - the BONOBO. The great apes are tailless primates, with the smallest living species being the bonobo at 30-40 kilograms in weight, and the largest being the eastern gorillas, with males weighing 140-180 kilograms. The bonobo, along with the chimpanzee, is the closest living relative to humans. is learned Other articles where great ape is discussed: ape: …bonobo, and orangutan are called great apes in recognition of their comparatively large size and humanlike features; the gibbons are called lesser apes. There are 4 subspecies of chimpanzees: the Central chimpanzee, the Western chimpanzee, the Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee, and the Eastern chimpanzee. The other seven hominids are the: Sumatran orangutan, Bornean Orangutan, Tapanuli orangutan, Eastern gorilla, Western gorilla, chimpanzee, and man. Gorilla; Bonobo; Chimpanzee; Orangutan; Lesser Apes; Search for: Search. All these animals are called great apes because they are large and very intelligent. has never been observed in nonhuman primates. Logging and subsistence agriculture are also a threat. Oct 3, 2024 · Great apes are the subset of non-human primates which include orangutans, gorillas, bonobos and chimpanzees. Eventually, the two ape species were seen as distinct. P. S. How do the monkeys stack up? All of the great apes and humans differ from rhesus monkeys, for example, by about 7% in their DNA. But these great apes, which are native to the forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo, are endangered because of Dec 26, 2024 · Apes are divided into two categories: 1) great apes (gorillas, bonobos, chimps, and orangutans, and 2) lesser apes (gibbons and siamangs). With a focus on Science, Education, and Outreach, our programs enrich the lives of our bonobos and foster a deeper connection between people and the natural world. Researchers from Johns Aug 20, 2024 · Of all the great apes, bonobos are the most human-like in their leg length. A range of Lesser apes include mainly all gibbon species, whereas the Great apes include orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos. We have destroyed their habitats, hunted them and transmitted fatal diseases to them. Ape Initiative is a federally-recognized non-profit organization - 501(c)(3). But chimpanzees and bonobos are more closely related to humans than they are to the other ape species. Bonobos are very comfortable in trees, swinging hand to hand through the branches, climbing up tree trunks, and leaping from one tree to another. Bonobos are slightly smaller than their close relatives, the Common Chimpanzees. Dec 23, 2024 · Bonobos (Pan paniscus) are great apes that inhabit the tropical forests south of the Congo River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Under the WWF African Great Apes Programme, a new project was then started to increase the monitoring and protection of bonobos in Salonga National Park. This bond is strong, with great maternal investment, and lasts long through the slow maturation period. The project was founded with the goal of creating and maintaining a centralized database that can help… Their genus shares the family Hominidae with the other tailless great apes like gorillas and orangutans. Our immediate evolutionary family is comprised of the hominoids, the group of primates that includes the "lesser apes" (siamangs and gibbons) as well as the "great apes" (chimpanzees, bonobos Some taxonomies place gorillas and chimpanzees (and the related bonobos) into the Panidae family, while orangutans remain in the Pongidae family, and humans in the Hominidae. Though it’s illegal to hunt or capture bonobos, the apes are also Bonobos are great apes that live in the lowland rainforest in the DRC. ” The difference between great apes and lesser apes is general size. ” These include the gorilla, orangutan, chimpanzee, bonobo, and humans(!). Surveys What is a bonobo? The bonobo is a species of great ape that shares nearly 99 percent of our DNA, just like chimpanzees. The civil strife has also caused an increase of destruction and degradation to the bonobo habitat. Great apes and humans belong to the same primate group called hominoids despite differences in limb length and jaw shape; their bone structure similarities can be noticed. Before learning about each ape, we should first talk about two major groups: the great apes and the lesser apes. Jan 1, 2017 · Recent molecular evidence including complete genome sequences has firmly grouped humans with the so-called “great apes”: chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans. Jan 15, 2024 · Humans Can Find Meaning in Ape Gestures By Jeannette De Wyze Bonobos and other great apes can’t make the range of vocalizations emitted by humans, and they lack a spoken language. Feb 19, 2024 · The great apes—bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans—are critically threatened by human activities. Apr 4, 2023 · Among the great apes, the chimpanzees and the bonobos are the most genetically related to us as we share about 98. Lesser Apes include the 14 species of gibbons. May 27, 2024 · Summary Apes are part of the superfamily of primates, the Hominoidea. Jun 27, 2019 · † Great Ape Section of the Primate Specialist Group (PSG) Click here to download the full text of the updated Guidance Note 6. These highly intelligent and social primates share many characteristics with humans, including complex emotions, problem-solving abilities, and the capacity for communication. 7% of our DNA with them. By James Owen. 2000). Bonobos are one of the closest living relatives to humans, sharing DNA of more than 98%. Bonobos are usually a bit smaller, leaner, and darker than chimpanzees. 7% of their DNA with humans, making them our closest living relatives. Feb 7, 2012 · Bonobos apes. Over 16 years ago Spain first tried to grant great apes personhood. They can be distinguished by their smaller size, darker faces, and longer limbs. [2] Great apes live in the jungles, mountains, and savannas of Africa and Asia. Nov 21, 2023 · The great apes are the gorilla, chimpanzee, bonobo, and orangutan; they are found in the family Hominidae along with humans. A difference of 3. Adult male bonobos typically weigh between 70 to 83 pounds (32 to 38 kilograms), while adult females weigh around 60 to 66 pounds (27 to 30 kilograms). (de Waal 2001) Bonobos share with humans a similar pattern of distribution of brain neuron cells called VENS (also called spindle cells or Von Economo Neurons). The other ape family, Hylobatidae , contains the lesser apes , the gibbons. Members of this family are also known as the ‘great apes’. Some adult bonobos have a white tuft of hair on their tail, called a pygal tail tuft, that is usually found only in the young of other African ape species (gorillas and chimpanzees). Bonobos have runny noses, gorillas like to swear and both species have the same blood types humans do. Genevieve Campbell gcampbell@rewild. Experiments show the great apes share with strangers and empathize. The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources considers the bonobo to be an endangered species; at the end of the 20th century, the estimated population was fewer than 40,000. Written agreements from 2013 formalizing the Great Ape Trust’s co-ownership of the bonobos with several other entities described what the ownership, custody and care of the apes entailed The Ape Populations, Environments and Surveys (A. Feb 5, 2025 · Wild chimpanzees—which are also great apes and close human relatives—appear to give warnings to groupmates that haven’t seen a nearby threat, according to previous research. [4] See full list on factanimal. All of the great apes are very different, however bonobos are female-led and known for their caring and affectionate nature. In all great apes, the males are, on average, larger and stronger than the females. Great apes, for example, are able to recognize themselves in mirrors (monkeys and other nonhumans The great apes are more diverse – and more threatened – than many of us ever expected. May 11, 2022 · In the wild, reports of great apes swimming are virtually nonexistent. Credit: Christian Ziegler / Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior A twenty-year study in Congo’s largest protected park confirms that rangers play a crucial role in safeguarding endangered species. E. Bonobos are great apes, along with chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and humans. Lesser apes live in Asia's evergreen tropical rainforests and monsoon forests. Teco is a curious and intelligent bonobo residing at the Ape Mar 7, 2016 · For bonobos and other great apes, the consequences could be extinction. In fact, people often refer to this species as the “pygmy chimpanzee” as well. Others continue to list only humans as hominids, and use a separate family, Pongidae, for great apes. These two great apes are our closest living relatives. June 11, 2014 Bonobos are great apes that live in the lowland rainforest in the DRC. They tend to be relatively high-pitched and melodic, in contrast to the lower and more guttural “pant hoots” of chimpanzees. Great Apes. Apes are the members of the Hominoidea superfamily of primates. 1% distinguishes us and the African apes from the Asian great ape, the orangutan. True/False, Cultural behavior: a. Bonobos average only a few inches shorter than chimpanzees, but tend to be 20-30lbs lighter, giving them the leanest physique of all the great apes. You can help! ABC is the only organization that has rewilded bonobos. Gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos live in Africa. It is an ape related to the gorilla and the orangutan, as well as the chimpanzee. Great apes, for example, are able to recognize themselves in mirrors (monkeys and other nonhumans cannot,… The Hominidae (/ h ɒ ˈ m ɪ n ɪ d iː /), whose members are known as the great apes [note 1] or hominids (/ ˈ h ɒ m ɪ n ɪ d z /), are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: Pongo (the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan); Gorilla (the eastern and western gorilla); Pan (the chimpanzee and the bonobo); and Homo, of which only modern humans May 27, 2024 · The Bonobo’s head is generally flatter and smaller than other great apes. Their society is also different—bonobo groups tend to be more peaceful and are led by females. Mar 20, 2025 · The gorilla, chimpanzee, bonobo, and orangutan are called great apes in recognition of their comparatively large size and humanlike features; the gibbons are called lesser apes. Find out more about orangutans here: Orangutan facts The most obvious difference between greater and lesser apes is general size. Nov 3, 2023 · Lesser Apes and Great Apes. Apes, Not Monkeys: Bonobos, along with chimpanzees, orangutans, and gorillas, are great apes. 7% of their DNA with humans—making these two ape species our closest living relatives. But there are differences — bonobos are slender, with longer legs. Bonobos are also known to engage in cooperative hunting and share food with others in their group. Bonobos are an endangered species of African Great Ape with as few as 15,000 - 20,000 individuals in the Oct 29, 2020 · They are characterized as great apes, along with the gorilla, the orangutan, the bonobo, and the gibbon. • Gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos are found throughout central Sub-Saharan Africa, while orangutans are found in either Malaysia or Indonesia. Find out more about their diet, behavior, and conservation. Bonobos are members of the Hominidae family. Common to all are dental attrition, periodontitis, tooth loss, osteopenia, and arthritis, although … Oct 10, 2022 · Bonobos are also known to use tools and have been observed using rocks to crack open nuts. Bonobos were once believed to be a pygmy race of chimpanzees, until they were identified as a distinct species in 1928. They are known for their long legs and for the fact that they keep their tail tufts even as adults. The smallest great apes are the bonobo chimps which grow to between 3 and 4 feet in height and weigh between 59 to 134 pounds. Bonobos are peaceful, matriarchal great apes. In comparison, the siamang, which is the largest lesser ape, grows to between 2 and 3 feet in height and weighs 22 to 26 pounds. Common chimpanzees and bonobos look very similar, but bonobos are a distinct species and can be identified by their slender build and light-colored lips. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Advocates include primatologists Jane Goodall and Dawn Prince-Hughes , evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins , philosophers Paola Cavalieri and There are four types of great apes: gorillas, chimpanzees, orangutans, and bonobos. Bonobos eat mainly leaves, stems, fruits, worms, insects, and sometimes small fish. Citation: IUCN & ICCN (2012). The great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) are our closest relatives. More Information Bonobos are capable of making and using tools, a characteristic that once distinguished humans from other animals. What is the Great Ape Heart Project? Formally established in 2010, the Great Ape Heart Project (GAHP) addresses a critical need within the zoo community to investigate and understand cardiovascular disease (CVD or heart disease) in great apes. . There are other primates whose common name may include “ape,” but those species are not primates. Originally, researchers assumed bonobos were just a subspecies of chimpanzees. Feb 14, 2020 · Bonobos are really important great apes, so it’s wonderful to feel that a conservation organization has multimedia records of this [work]. Food for everyone. All lesser Oct 28, 2024 · Welcome to the Columbus Zoo, where we are proud to be one of only seven zoos in North America that provide a home for the endangered bonobo! Known for their remarkable intelligence, complex social structures, and peaceful nature, bonobos are truly unique among the great apes. Apr 6, 2005 · commonality between all species of apes is the bond between mother and infant. ape, Any of the tailless primates known as the lesser apes (gibbons and siamangs; family Hylobatidae) or the great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans, and gorillas; family Hominidae). Bonobo (Pan paniscus): Conservation Strategy 2012–2022. Apes are fascinating creatures that can be classified into two main groups: lesser apes and great apes. Nov 1, 2006 · The last of the great apes to be discovered, it could be the first to become extinct in the wild: in the past few decades, bonobo habitat has been overrun by soldiers, and the apes have been Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Several language experiments with chimpanzees, orangutans, gorillas, and bonobos have shown that all great apes have the capacity to use signs and symbols to communicate. Jul 9, 2024 · Most importantly, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans all show this same amount of difference from gorillas. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group & Institut Congolais pour la Conservation de la Nature. Dec 8, 2016 · Great Apes. Jan 24, 2020 · Great Ape 4: Bonobo (Pan paniscus) Previously known as the pygmy chimpanzee, bonobos, and humans share about 99% of their DNA. Oct 11, 2016 · The "great apes" are the bonobo, the chimpanzee, the gorilla, the orangutan, and the human being; The chimpanzee is our closest relative; Bonobos were originally known as "pygmy chimpanzees" The orangutan is the largest arboreal animal, weighing about 150 pounds and spending 90% of its life in the trees Jul 9, 2023 · However, the term “great apes” is used to refer to the species in the family Hominidae, which includes the largest primates, such as the orangutans, gorillas, and bonobos. The Friends of Bonobos | Les Amis des Bonobos du Congo (ABC) rescues bonobo orphans and cares for them at Lola ya Bonobo, the only sanctuary for endangered bonobos. chimpanzee: Are there any physical differences? To an untrained eye, it can be hard to distinguish the bonobo from the chimpanzee. Dec 5, 2022 · This insight developed when a research team dissected seven bonobo cadavers retained by the Antwerp Zoo (which has one of the largest groups of bonobos in captivity). All of the great apes share an overall similarity in body type, having arms that are longer than their legs. Great Apes include orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, and humans. Mar 4, 2024 · For instance, bonobos appear to be an outlier when compared to other great apes, but when you look at the broader picture across all primates, a new story emerges. This species is one of several that people refer to as “great apes. Bonobos are the most slender great apes, having very long limbs and a gracile appearance. This shared ancestry is why the discussion often revolves around which of these apes we are most like, rather than monkeys. Humans’ closest living relative, Pan paniscus is the least known great ape. Scientists have identified around 70 Feb 27, 2025 · This indicated a lower than expected occurrence of bonobos and high levels of human disturbance. Learn more about the different types of apes, including the great apes and lesser apes, as well as the urgent threats they face and how you can help them. They share the taxonomic genus Pan with their chimp cousins. While it’s expected that the animal kingdom is a fierce place, where aggression for survival dominates, a new study on bonobos (Pan paniscus) published in January 20th’s Animal Behaviour suggests that some animals outcompete others by becoming ‘nicer’. b. They are only found in the Democratic Republic of Congo, where they live in the Congo Basin rainforest - the second largest rainforest on the planet. But the new work Both bonobos and chimpanzees are more closely related to humans than either of them are to the other two species of great apes: orangutans and gorillas. Great ape personhood is a movement to extend personhood and some legal protections to the non-human members of the great ape family: bonobos, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. If you have an enquiry relating to PS6 and great apes, please contact Dr. In this social arrangement, there is a large, loose group Bonobos are great apes that live in the lowland rainforest in the DRC. Most primates are skilled climbers, especially […] Dec 4, 2024 · Bonobos are an endangered great ape found only in Congo. The researchers then compared the differences between bonobos, common chimpanzees, and modern humans, along with other apes and primates. Bonobos are the most vocal of the great apes, using their voices extensively to express themselves and to communicate with others. Dec 1, 2010 · Where bonobos have been habituated, their risk of being shot by soldiers and hunters is great, and research assistants have little means to protect these apes from such persecution (Coxe et al. Find out more about their diet, behaviour, and conservation. Mar 20, 2021 · And both of these great apes share 98. Lesser apes, also known as gibbons, belong to the family Hylobatidae, while great apes, which include orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos, belong to the family Hominidae. They use social-sexual contact to resolve conflict. The bonobo (/ b ə ˈ n oʊ b oʊ, ˈ b ɒ n ə b oʊ /; Pan paniscus), also historically called the pygmy chimpanzee (less often the dwarf chimpanzee or gracile chimpanzee), is an endangered great ape and one of the two species making up the genus Pan (the other being the common chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes). Despite the many similarities, there are significant differences in aging among apes, including the human ape. Hominidae includes the great apes—that is, the orangutans (genus Pongo), the gorillas (Gorilla), and the chimpanzees and bonobos (Pan)—as well as human beings (Homo). 4. Bonobos Conservation. We connect you to the most inspiring, urgent, and science-based bonobo projects around the world, helping you lend support precisely where it’s needed most. Feb 3, 2025 · The team aspires to tease this question out with future work on bonobos. What Is The Difference Between Great Apes And Lesser Apes? Coming from the same superfamily, both Great and Lesser Apes bear many similarities. Feb 12, 2022 · Because of bonobos’ mellow ways, some call these great apes “hippie chimps” — the primates that make love, not war. Nov 10, 2017 · With apes from the Lola ya Bonobo sanctuary in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the researchers placed pairs of bonobos that didn’t know one another in adjacent rooms separated by a fence and Jun 10, 2014 · Orphaned bonobos are helping scientists discover the roots of human kindness. They stand between 28 and 35 inches and can weigh anywhere between 65 and 85 pounds. Often, lots of money will go into the conservation of a species, but hardly any resources have been put into documenting and recording it for the long term. In addition, they both live in highly social, multi-male, multi-female groups - called troops. org of the ARRC Task Force, or the Vice Chair of the Great Ape Section of the PSG, Dirck Byler: dbyler Oct 14, 2013 · Researchers studying young bonobos in an African sanctuary have discovered striking similarities between the emotional development of the bonobos and that of children, suggesting these great apes Sep 1, 2024 · Great Apes (Chimpanzees, Orangutans, and Bonobos) Great apes are the classic examples of animals that pass the mirror test. Chimpanzees: Among the first animals tested, chimpanzees frequently use mirrors to inspect themselves, demonstrating behaviors such as grooming hard-to-see areas or removing marks. As a group they are always quick to make up with one another and their nurturing behaviour sees them holding hands and hugging, which is why World Bonobo Day also falls on Valentine’s Day. 65 pp. In fact, until 1954, scientists called them pygmy chimpanzees. Jan 21, 2025 · Instead, we share a common ancestor with apes, specifically chimpanzees and bonobos. ) database is a joint initiative of the Primatology Department of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVAN) in Leipzig, Germany, and the Section on Great Apes (SGA) of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group. Questions, however, have been raised about this type of research. Meanwhile, “lesser apes” refers to the gibbons, which are usually smaller and spend most of their life in the trees. These categories separate them with their size; the former is massive, while the latter is comparatively tiny and henceforth called lesser apes. These great apes are also targeted by poachers because of their large size. The Bonobo is a primate that is closely related to the chimpanzee. Humans are more closely related to bonobos (and chimpanzees) than to any other animals alive today. We recognize 14 kinds of great ape: four subspecies of gorillas, four chimpanzee subspecies and the singular bonobo, all found in Africa, plus five kinds of orangutans known from tropical Asia. Dec 31, 2015 · The term great apes generally describes 3 genera composed of the bonobo or pygmy chimpanzee (Pan paniscus), the common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ssp), the western and eastern gorillas (Gorilla gorilla ssp and Gorilla beringei ssp), and the Bornean and Sumatran orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus and Pongo abelii). Apr 15, 2016 · Fascinating facts about great apes Brigitte Osterath / db 04/15/2016 April 15, 2016. May 29, 2015 · The non-human types of apes are divided into two groups: great apes — gorillas, bonobos, chimpanzees and orangutans — and lesser apes — gibbons and siamangs. Bonobos and other great apes belong to the larger group of mammals called the primates. [2] A group of apes is called a tribe or a Dec 6, 2016 · In both Africa and Asia, great apes – bonobos, eastern and western gorillas, chimpanzees and orangutans – are rapidly losing much of their forest habitat to human activities such as agriculture, mining, and commercial logging. owuu ifsln jocac jvcxxnq wyw eibm zhlur yjotom kxzqskri fijcd uwfqu txewnx jttpf ugfth wcyyigu