Packer shell script example Note: This shell script is run by Packer via SSH using the root user as defined in packer. The problem is that I need to copy a file If we use shell scripts as provisioners with packer errors can be confusing: ==> amazon-ebs: Terminating the source AWS instance For example, if we run the following shell script with the -x flag: #!/bin/bash echo first example echo third $(echo second) We will be able to see the actual execution like follows: Packer can run local scripts, so I hatched the plan to run a PowerShell script (using the shell-local provisioner) that would adjust settings after the build had run. These arguments will not be passed through a shell and arguments should not be quoted. 8. Not sure if this is possible with the latest version of Packer. For example, in my use, it always hangs when my shell script executes sudo apt-get -y install ubuntu-desktop on Ubuntu 16. Alas, this is one of those problems that took many months of evenings to figure out how to do. Packer version. Packer is lightweight in nature and runs on all major operating systems, and it has some tremendous performance Published: Sep 8, 2021 by Isaac Johnson. An example of only being used is shown below, with administrative privileges by default, whereas the VMware machine doesn't have these privileges. In this blog, we will use JSON The local shell post processor executes scripts locally during the post processing stage. The HCP SBOM - upload an SBOM and associate it with an artifact version in the HCP Packer registry. out"] Result : Instance launched using TestCase-2's AMI shows that script 'provisioner. sh' is not executed by Provisioner. Packer automates the creation of customized images in a repeatable manner. For waiting for reboots, we suggest you use the windows_restart provisioner with restart_check_command set. 1. Here This configuration to cloud-init will ensure that it is invoked on next bootup. In this tutorial, we will explain about a sample script to create an instance, deploy software and create an image from it. There are two little tweaks you need to your inline call in order to make this work: first, you need to change the inline_shebang to use "/bin/bash" instead of "/bin/sh", because sh evaluates The PowerShell provisioner is used multiple times to either run inline commands or call PowerShell scripts that will be run on the image. This is useful if you Here is an example Packer template: This is an example of the install_oracle_guest_additions. Visit the AWS AMI page to verify that Packer successfully built your AMI. Possible values are bypass, allsigned, default, remotesigned, restricted, undefined, unrestricted, and none. example: Running local shell script: hello-world. 2023/04/11 20:13:04 Waiting for RPC address for: /usr/bin/packer 2023/04/11 20:13:05 packer-provisioner-shell plugin: [INFO] Packer version: 1. To be brief I think I may be doing this wrong or my syntax is wrong or both. How can I provide the sudo pwd when the script gets executed by the packer provisioner? Packer will connect and run the "provisioner" on the machine/target identified or created in "builders": section. Add more provisioners. Simplified @freibuis sharing variables across provisioners is not possible without the use of some auxiliary file on the guest machine, as provisioner scripts are executed in isolation. The onlyrequired element is either "inline" or "script". sh script file under the packer_project directory, which includes the steps to install Apache as a package in the image. ) and I don't know the reason. When invoking a shell script provisioner (the variety in which a file is copied to the remote and then executed, rather than specifying a sequence of commands directly), command line options are not passed to the remote. Logins may be showing incorrect profile information. Basically, It can work with JSON as well as HCL language which is developed by Harshicorp. Step 3: Create a file name script. sh Docker and Packer use the same templating engine which is probably causing Packer to try and interpolate the variable Tag, which presumably you dont have defined/set. @mwhooker Can you provide an example of how this is working with the inline parameter please? I have a shell script that Step2: Create a WorkSpace to place Scripts and Packer Template. Hashicorp’s Packer allows you to build VM images automatically from code based on a fresh installation of the OS. , rather than the remote/guest machine being provisioned by Packer. case $1 in puppet*) sh puppet_provisioner. , Example provisioners include shell scripts, Chef, Puppet, etc. I provision VMs with shell script which uses puppet. I will try to provide an example. io for building VM images. sh script you overwrite AWS_ACCESS_KEY and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY with argument 1 and 2 respectively, but you don't pass any arguments so that clears them. Explore 30 real-time shell-scripting use cases with practical examples! From automating system tasks to streamlining data processing, these scripts demonstrate the Packer is a tool for creating identical machine images for multiple platforms from a single source configuration. Templates are portable, static, and readable and writable by both humans and computers. Reload to refresh your session. 14'", using "script" or "scripts". Shell provisioning is the easiest way to get software installed and configured on a machine. This is different than the name of the source block being run. Packer's shell provisioner can run the bash with sudo privileges. Vars}} in single quotes in that way breaks if any variables c The scripts provided have been tested on CentOS 6. To do so, we'll configure Provisioners. 0/1. This path can be absolute or relative. PowerShell - run PowerShell scripts on Windows machine images during a build. In this case, the shell script may need to be executed differently. ps1 \ -param1 {{user `aaaa`}} \ -param2 {{user `bbbb`}} \ -param3 {{user `cccc`}} EOF ] } execution_policy - To run ps scripts on Windows, Packer defaults this to "bypass" and wraps the command to run. However, the software is provided as is and you should test thoroughly to ensure the results of running the scripts are as expected! In other words, there is no implied warranty of any kind!! packer example - Ubuntu Server 20. packer-rhel (which configures RHEL/CentOS for Vagrant), and finally a cleanup shell script that clears off unused space to save a few MB in the resulting disk image. An example packer command would be: packer build -force --only vsphere-iso. Let us create a new directory and call it as a workspace where our Template and other files required for the Packer must be present, By files, I Here is the list of available build variables: name Represents the name of the build block being run. x. provisioner "shell" { script = "script. 1 linux amd64] 2023/04/11 20:13:05 packer-provisioner-shell plugin I'm trying to invoke a shell script (install. ; Resource “aws_instance bootstrap” will create the instance of the image that is filtered by the data key. [] Shell - Provisioners | Packer by HashiCorp. That is telling packer to build everything in the directory, which is required to Please note that Packer expects Command to be a path to an executable. We talk about Looking for shell script examples to learn and master Bash? Here are 30+ of the best shell script examples, with images to enhance the content and make it more visually appealing. This has the added benefit of being able to not only create and modify templates by hand, but also write scripts to dynamically create or modify templates. It released 1. pkrvars. Example Hi, thanks for reaching out. ID: Represents the VM being provisioned. hcl here : Step 3: Create a folder named script inside the packer-vm folder and cd into the script directory. This is something I use to create up to date OVAs for Windows and Linux operating systems. sh and copy the As an example, the "shell" provisioner requires a key such as script which specifies a path to a shell script to execute within the machines being created. Notice how Packer also outputs the first inline command (Installing Redis). Path }}'" However wrapping {{. Now let’s review the code snippet shown in Listing 6-2, which shows a provisioners configuration and a sample configuration using a shell type provisioner for executing demo-script. 4. I am In the output, you will find the Provisioning with shell script that confirms that the Packer ran the provision step. You can try double escaping the braces, but based on this GH comment , that may or may not work. 1 {2 " min_packer Packer Configuration Basics. Whether you're a developer, systems administrator, or site reliability engineer, this project is designed Setting Up a Basic Packer Template Here’s a simple example of a Packer template that defines a basic builder and a shell script provisioner to install Nginx on an Ubuntu server: This video will show an example of using Ansible ("local") to provision a server as well. While the variable type and default values are optional, we recommend you define these attributes when creating new variables. The following Windows VM: Passing HCL variables to PowerShell script that has required parameters. The JSON templates are JSON files that configure the various components of Packer in order to create one or more machine images. The shell Packer provisioner provisions machines built by Packer using shell scripts. Hashi Packer is the primary tool we use for creating virtual machine images and is one of the few tools at Hashi that is purely OSS (has no “Enterprise” offering). From packer version docker image hashicorp/packer:latest. You signed out in another tab or window. Since it's a well-formed script, I can do things to it like running shellcheck, sourcing it, etc. sh" } Also, there is a file provisioner using I want to achive following: Create Linux VPN server image with Packer Pull config files from S3 bucket and configure StrongSwan, BGPD, keepalive etc The troubles starts with pulling files from S3 The local shell post processor executes scripts locally during the post processing stage. As per the documentation on the file builder:. The output_directory folder is checked to see if empty, or can be overwritten if shell-local will run a shell script of your choosing on the machine where Packer is being run - in other words, shell-local will run the shell script on your build server, or your desktop, etc. 1 have bug with What is $1 shell script? In a shell script, $1 refers to the first command-line argument passed to the script when executed. Next we need to do things on the server (otherwise, what's the point?). ps1 null. sh; PACKER_BUILD_NAME= ' virtualbox-ovf ' PACKER_BUILDER_TYPE being new to packer i am trying to build my first virtual box image with a packer file. These examples cover a wide range of topics, from basic shell scripting concepts to more advanced techniques. Packer will cancel the script if it takes more than 5 minutes. In any event, first off, aside from the documentation, can anyone recommend to me some packer provisioner examples? I am currently running a Packer build against our VMware environment to roll out CentOS-7. You should use the environment_vars option, see the docs Shell Provisioner - environment_vars. 04. Packer's configuration will pass it a shell script to run when it builds the image. ) master provision script: call_provisioner_script. Usually that means the script that was uploaded /tmp/packer-shellxxxxxxxxx doesn’t have execute permission set Example: it could be owned by ‘root’ with a 774 permission but you’re trying to run it as the ‘packer’ user which means no execute permission allowed for non-root user. Usage example: In your example. I am provisioning a Windows machine through this tool. Before you run the script, make sure to install aws cli and add your AWS access key and secret key in ~/. But execute_command is executed successfully. 6 [go1. inline(array of strings shell-local will run a shell script of your choosing on the machine where Packer is being run - in other words, shell-local will run the shell script on your build server, or your desktop, etc. But somehow it hangs on the inline shell provisioning. And they are serious about the "The lines of the string and the end marker must not be indented. It does not matter if the parameter is an environment variable or direct entry. 04 server. Edit this page on GitHub. sh '2. On this page: Template Provisioners; Whilst the question is not very clear I surmise from the title that you wish to run a PowerShell script under packer passing parameters to it. Templates are JSON files which define one or more builds by configuring the various components of Packer. 3. AWS Configuration. The easiest it to run shell/bash scripts. json For example: Building a new AWS image (AMI), you need to point to an existing AMI to customize; Create a new vSphere template requires the name of the source VM; Running local shell script: /tmp/packer-shell389208221 Please excuse my ignorance I am new to using Packer. packer. x and 7. Here's what that looks like using a Shell provisioner. Shell - run shell scripts on the machines image during a build. I got packer. Even if you want a user variable to default to an empty string, it must be defined. It can be used to debug post-processors without incurring high wait times. Packer Ansible and Shell provisioner example. It allows the script to access and use the value of User variables must first be defined in a variables section within your template. We cover configuring AWS credentials locally. I am trying to pass variable values to a Packer script. For example when packer calls ec2-bundle-instance on my behalf, I want to know the exact arguments specified. You switched accounts on another tab or window. expect_disconnect is specific to the shell provisioner, and isn’t available for powershell. " So a solution (in HCL) would look like: provisioner "shell-local" { inline = [ <<EOF myscript. I need that script to do the following: Get a Windows AVD image from the Azure Marketplace; Run a PowerShell script (uploaded to the temporary VM with a file provisioner) that has 2 mandatory parameters: Variable blocks declare the variable name (docker_image), the data type (string), and the default value (ubuntu:jammy). First you need copy your script file from local machine to remote with file provisioner, then run it with shell provisioner. x and Debian 8. vmdk, . This environment variable is set by Packer when executing shell commands When the Windows-Shell (or powershell) provisioner runs the Windows Kofax Capture installation script, it runs for 2 mins and, instead of waiting for Kofax software installation script to finish (should take approx 90 Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand; OverflowAI GenAI features for Teams; OverflowAPI Train & fine-tune LLMs; Labs The future of collective knowledge sharing; About the company Explanation. extra_arguments ([]string) - Extra arguments to pass to Ansible. The documentation gives the following example for using sudo via execute_command: execute_command="echo 'packer' | sudo -S sh -c '{{ . I was running into issues as well with the shell provisioner, it turned out I had left the execute_command that the veewee-to-packer script had created and it did not carry over my environment variables properly. Shell local provides a convenient way to automate executing some task with packer outputs and variables. I am running into this all the time. I am trying to use packer to simply launch a VM, run a single shell script, and then store a new image. The source code: Packer does support multi-line here documents. the key thing is to ensure that the script runs from the building On Windows Server 2019/Windows 10 1809 image boots to fast for packer to react; When Hyper-V host has more than one interface Packer sets {{ . After the unattended installation packer allows you to interact with the installed VM to run commands and adapt settings. This will occur during the centos-7-base packer build. windows --var-file=2019. layout: "docs" page_title: "Shell Local Provisioner" description: |- The shell-local Packer provisioner allows shell scripts to be run on machine running packer Shell Local Provisioner Type: shell-local There is another solution with simpler usage of 2 provisioner together. While not tested, the scripts or 'operations' should also work on Red Hat 6 and 7 without issue. tpl is presumably a fully-formed script file that might already have the shebang at the top (say, #!/usr/bin/env bash). Note the trailing period in that command. The packer . This repository provides a collection of opinionated examples that demonstrate how you can use both HashiCorp Packer and the Packer Plugin for VMware vSphere (vsphere-iso builder) to automate the creation of virtual machine images for VMware vSphere environments. My bash script is breaking when Packer runs since inline defaults to adding a #!/bin/sh -e, so bashisms are breaking (d)ash on the target. Here's what we're doing in a nutshell: The base shell script installs Ansible; The ansible builder uploads the Ansible files to the server and runs them on the server We can run the above Ansible provisioner in Packer with a little helper script (or It seems that the shell provisioner hangs when large amount of text is output from the running process. Example: "provisioners": [ { "type": "shell" "environment_vars": [ We will use shell Provisioner to install or execute our own script while creating machine images. The example below is a fully functional self-contained build. Example: Create a file you wish to run, for example, if I'm using an operating system that uses yum and I want to update my operating system on launch and then create a folder for my application called my-app and assign relevant permissions, I would create a Review the shell script. Timeout has no effect in debug mode. Every other option isoptional. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. It supports multiple platforms including AWS, Azure, GCP, Openstack, VMware, Docker. The remote shell provisioner executes shell scripts on a remote machine. Exactly oneof the following is required: 1. aws/credentials file or checkout the Packer Variables tutorial to know different ways to use your AWS credentials with Packer. Basic example. ==> null. scripts (array of strings) - An array of scripts to execute. Setting this to "none" will prevent wrapping, allowing to see exit codes on Docker for Windows. The shell provisioner demonstrated above is extremely powerful and flexible. json file includes provisions, which are described in this packer tutorial. Thus, part of the script should be executed as the system user averagejoe, part of the script should be executed as privileged user using sudo. md is removed from the scripts for the Docker builder. Contribute to heizo/packer-ubuntu-20. 6 images. We will use shell Provisioner to install or execute our own script while creating machine images. remote_path (string) - The path where the PowerShell Hi, thanks for reaching out. The above configuration will do the following task. With this issue I'm not talking about a debug mode for preseed files or better tools to understand the execution of post-processing scripts (although I'm sure that both things would make the packer experience better). Please email psgadmin at microsoft. Of course, the goal is that hopefully the shell script converges these two images to be identical. If the scripts differ only in a few commands, it might be more convenient to use the environment variable PACKER_BUILDER_TYPE in the shell scripts to learn which build is executed. This one 'master' script takes the passed variable as argument and compares the value with some predefined provisioner names in a switch condition. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced Bash user, you're In the example above, the firewall. A common use case is creating images that can be used later in cloud infrastructure. I added shell script in the provisioner section of the packer JSON and the shell script was working fine when I was provisioning Linux VM. I am using Rundeck to trigger provisioning by packer. sh *) sh shell_provisioner. Below is a checklist of core-supported Packer features you will see Packer-by-example is a collection of Scripts, Ansible, Makefiles and Packer files to help build images in the Public Cloud. Simple You signed in with another tab or window. Shell Provisioner. Arbitrary bash scripting will not work and needs to go inside an executable script. mkdir script && cd script. Shell local provides a convenient way to automate executing some task with packer outputs and The focus of this repository is to provide useful real-world examples of all the core Packer builders, processors, and post-processors that are supported by Hashicorp. (Short: It chooses which provisioner scripts will be executed. docker image hashicorp/packer:latest. I want to execute one shell script which will initiate a scan on provisioned VM in order to check the vulnerability. ps1 PowerShell script: When you run the Packer build, you can pass -var "install_vbox_tools=true" or -var "execute_command": "echo 'packer' > /home/centos/a. Packer version 1. pkr. Build the final image; 4 Installing Packer. I'm using Packer 0. 9. In the same directory as the file above, I place my variables file and PowerShell What OS are you trying to build? Try it without your "execute_command" statement. Expectation is that errors are also sent to stderr. Now sometimes there is situation where this provisioning script fails to provision VM correctly. The file Packer builder is not really a builder, it just creates an artifact from a file. Vars }} {{ . If it is relative, it is relative to the working directory when Packer is executed. 20. Ami attribute value is given by Create a separate file with your shell script in it, and run that script as sudo. The reference of available configuration options is listed below. 04 development by creating an account on GitHub. A workaround here would be to persist the environment variables to a file on the guest machine, then do one of the following to Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand; OverflowAI GenAI features for Teams; OverflowAPI Train & fine-tune LLMs; Labs The future of collective knowledge sharing; About the company Visit the blog In this use case, some-script. I cannot figure out what the issue is. I am using Azure, and when I run packer, it appears to complete successfully, but then when I make a VM from the new image, it appears that the script had no effect. Data key of the terraform script will help us to find the ami_id of the image. - hashicorp/packer PACKER_BUILD_NAME is set to the name of the build that Packer is running. Inline scripts are the easiest way to pull off simple tasks within the machine. I do think this is something that is broken in packer. vmx, etc. Azure Image Builder is built on Packer, so you can even use your existing Packer shell provisioner scripts with it. Therefore, running the whole script as privileged user as suggested here is not an option. It's designed to work with CI/CD systems such as Travis CI, CircleCI and Jenkins, or even at your console. sh) with some arguments (say the version of mongodb) For example "script": "install. Local Shell - run shell scripts on the host running Packer during a build. Packer will cancel the The easiest it to run shell/bash scripts. PACKER_BUILDER_TYPE is the type of the builder that was used to create the machine that the script is running on. . - hashicorp/packer While debugging the creation of my container with shell scripts I am experiencing a problem with incomplete output. HTTPIP }} variable to inproper interface; Packer version 1. Packer is a tool for creating identical machine images for multiple platforms from a single source configuration. So state such as variables from one script won’t carry on to the next. Packer is written in Go language and compiled as single binary for The script or ansible-playbook should be present in the folder where you have the Packer template. For example, in Amazon it is the instance ID; in DigitalOcean, it is the Droplet ID; in VMware, it is the VM name. Packer is an open source tool for creating virtual machine images for deployment. We cover basic Packer configuration common to any project, and setup some variables. 4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7. com for support. If not, it downloads the ISO. It should work if you remove the 2nd and 3rd line from your script. 2. hcl . I am currently using packer to generate customized images from a given configuration. Instead of typing the commands there, I used the shell option in which I can write a bunch of sudo apt-get install commands to customize the images. x, it simply installs the EPEL repository and installs ansible via yum), then an Ansible playbook that calls the role geerlingguy. 0 and as post-processor "shell-local" to run one script. 5 (Maipo) Packer errors are not sent to stderr, all output goes to stdout. This is most useful when Packer is making multiple builds and you want to distinguish them slightly from a common provisioning script. example Write a Basic shell script to automate basic configuration for our image. script (string) - The path to a script to upload and execute in the machine. In data key, there is a filter attribute that will filter the ami on the bases of the ami_name. It allows us to create machine images. It can be used for multiple platforms from a single source template. 0 in 2017 but has What specific syntax must be used in order to get a shell provisioner in the packer azure arm builder to be able to successfully write to /etc/environment and do other root-like tasks? The specifics are as follows: ERROR MESSAGE: azure-a First, we have three provisioners; a shell script that installs Ansible (in our case, for CentOS 6. chmod +x /tmp/script_1903. I need a way how to tell Rundeck that provisioning script inside VM failed. Packer does support this but only for inline scripts. To get started with Azure Image Builder, see Create a Linux VM with Azure Image Builder. For more information on the other methods of delivering provisioning instructions to your image, visit the Packer provisioners Packer Packer is an open-source tool. sh. The problem is that the shell script run for each artifacts generated (. Packer first checks the packer_cache folder to see if the ISO specified in ISO URL has already been downloaded. Now let’s create the app_script.
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